Columbia started out as one of the lesser players in the animation industry, constantly overshadowed by the titans of Disney, Warner Bros., and MGM. However, in the 1940s they contracted United Productions of America, a studio founded by former Disney artists including John Hubley. After making a few films with some of Columbia's stock stars, UPA quickly took animation into a bold new direction, and transformed the landscape of American animation. UPA eventually fizzed out after the departure of Hubley, but their style of limited animation became the norm in independent American films over the next 20 years.
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